Avaliação de danos no DNA de pacientes com câncer de pulmão.

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer is cancer that occurs in large quantities in both developed and underdeveloped countries, mostly in men, but comes in crescent phase in women. The occurrence may be for repair of disability caused damage the cell or by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These metabolites cause DNA damage that can be measured by the comet assay. The alkaline comet assay is a genotoxicity test able to detect DNA damage quantitatively induced by alkylating agents, intercalating and oxidants. The damage is displayed individually in cell by enhancing the migration of genetic material. Objectives: To compare the level of DNA damage and repair capacity between patients with lung cancer and without lung cancer and to relate the level of damage to the type of therapy. Methods: We obtained the samples of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer treatment in the Integrated Oncology at Hospital Ana Nery and control subjects who were part of old age groups in Santa Cruz do Sul - RS. It carried out the comet assay based on silver staining. One hundred cells per individual were visually examined to determine DNA damage. They were considered significant with p <0.05, when performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey. Results: It was observed the predominance of males (68.8% CP and 55.6% controls), with advanced adulthood (65.4 ± 6.77 lung cancro and 56.67 ± 14.95 controls), and subject white color in both groups (78.1% lung cancro and 100% controls). It is noteworthy that patients with lung cancer reported having high load smoking (93.2%) and for a long time compared with the controls (7.7%). It was possible that the controls have higher education. Related to DNA damage, patients with lung cancer damage index greater than controls. The antimetabolites therapy class was the one that showed significance in alkaline damage rate, time 60', time 180' (p = 0.005, p = 0.053; = 0.033) when compared to control subjects of the research, followed by the group using the topoisomerase inhibitor association II and alkylating (p = 0.027) in the alkaline damage rate and the user antimitotic alkylating group associated with the time 180 '(p = 0.031), showing that they may be more damaging the DNA of cells. Conclusion: Some therapeutic classes of chemotherapeutic agents have more DNA damage than others and that patients with lung cancer and control subjects have a good ability to repair.