Avaliação do ciclo de vida do sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos de um consórcio intermunicipal no Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract

The increase generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in contemporary society is the subject of discussion and debate regarding the consequences of the bad managements of this kind of material may result. To discipline the management and the management of MSW in Brazil, the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS) brings as conditions studies facing regionalization and the increase use of the analysis about life cycle for the purpose of implement and / or improve the current municipal models of solid waste management systems (SGRSU). With the objective to do a comparative study of the environmental impacts that this regionalization of the SGRSU brings to the region of Rio Pardo Valley, this study used the life cycle analysis tool (LCA) through the UMBERTO NXT LCA computer program and evaluated six categories of environmental impact through the CML 2001 method. The inventory life cycle had normalized values according to the 1995 WORLD method and the interpretation of results showed that the municipalities have similar characteristics regarding gravimetric composition of MSW generated in theirs territory. The analysis also concluded that the collection stage involves the greatest contributions in all municipalities analyzed in the categories of potential acidification and depletion of abiotic resources mainly due to use of fossil fuels. The simulations showed that the inclusion of a sanitary landfill construction phase causes an increase in the emissions in all categories evaluated and can not be neglected. In Santa Cruz do Sul, while C2 presented 45,592,954.26 kg CO2-Eq emissions in the category of PAG, C1 the result was 38,039,570.07 kg CO2-Eq and C3 15,551,295.92 kg CO 2 Eq, for example.