Aptidão física relacionada à saúde e ao desempenho motor : associação com fatores de risco metabólicos em escolares

Abstract

Introduction: Today, low levels of physical fitness related to health and motor performance in children and adolescents may be associated with lifestyle. Reduced levels of physical activity practice and inadequate nutrition. The development of health risks, leading to cardiovascular problems, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, constant concerns in the national and global context. Changes in the metabolic order in children and adolescents are frequent, requiring interventions through physical activities, awareness of adequate diet and weight control, which can interfere with growth, motor activity and physical fitness. Objective: To investigate whether low levels of physical fitness related to health and motor performance are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Two articles were developed. Article I: Objective: To verify if there are association between physical ability related to health with presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren. Method: The subjects of this study were 1.251 schoolchildren, from seven to seventeen years old, that were diagnosed in this cross-sectional study. Three indicators of physical ability were evaluated that have been relation with health: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility and abdominal resistence. The metabolic risk score (MRS) was calculated through the Z score from the following indicators: body mass index (BMI), arterial systolic pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high and low cholesterol (HDL e LDL), respectively and triglycerides. Posteriorly, the risk metabolic score was dichotomized, considering presence or absence of metabolic risk. Data were obtained through the prevalence ratio (PR) values and breaks of 95% confidence, through the Poisson regression. Results: Results show that the higher prevalence of metabolic risk was found among students with low levels of CRF (PR: 1,48; IC: 1,10-1,98) and abdominal resistence (PR: 1,45; IC: 1,08-1,95). It was not found any association with flexibility. Conclusion: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal resistence are associated with presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren. Article II: Objective: The following paper intends to analyze if there are some association between physical fitness related with motor performance, with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren. Method: The study sample was formed through diagnosis of 1.250 schoolchildren, from seven to seventeen years old. For evaluation of the physical fitness related to motor performance were applied four test: force of upper and lower limbs, agility and speed. To calculate the MRS was used the Z score from the following indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI), arterial systolic pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high and low cholesterol (HDL e LDL), respectively and triglycerides. After that, MRS was classified in two categories: presence or absence of metabolic risk. The association between continuous variables have been tested by linear regression. For the categoric variable of metabolic risk was applied Poisson regression getting 95% of prevalence ratio (PR) values and breaks of confidence. Results: The score of metabolic risk has been associated, in negative way, with strength of lower limbs (β: -0,466; p˃0,001); even, has been associated, in positive way, with strength of upper limbs (β: 0,203; p˂0,001); and agility (β: 0,077; p=0,025). Schoolchildren with low level of strength lower limbs show higher prevalence of metabolic risk, even in boys (PR: 2,46; IC: 1,20-5,08), as well as in girls (PR: 1,57; IC: 1,03-2,40). Conclusion: We conclude that low level of strength lower limbs in schoolchildren and good levels of force of upper limbs, only on girls are associated with metabolic risk in students.