(Bio)políticas educacionais e eugenia nos tempos do ministro Gustavo Capanema.

Abstract

This paper was developed in the research line “Education, Culture and Subject’s Production”, on the “Education” field, of Santa Cruz do Sul University – UNISC, Master and Doctorate – Education post-graduation program. From Michel Foucalt’ theorizations on biopolitics governmentality, I aim to analyze education as a mechanism to nation and population body-species constitution. So, education can be discussed as a tool, like a hinge that puts together individual and population and enables this to be understood as relevant to the construction of biopolitical strategies during the Vargas Era, specifically during the government of Gustavo Capanema at the Education Ministry concerning the years between 1934 and 1945. Thus, this paper unfolds into three chapters. In the first chapter, the Brazilian historical context of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is analyzed, when the search for the ideal constitution of a population is present in the speeches of intellectuals, scientists and statesmen guided by scientific racism thesis. In the second chapter, the discussions about the proposals and the subsequent insertion of an eugenic education in Brazil in the 1920s are problematized when I intend to highlight the importance that educations has at the time. At last, the third chapter is dedicated to the analyses and questioning of the strategies of biopolitics governmentality at the Public Health and Education Ministry during the years of 1934 and 1945. In this paper, I use sources as the publications of the journal Boletim de Eugenia, the minutes of the Eugenics Congress, the magazine Physical Education and records of1934 constituent to provide assistance to this research and to question the biopolitical strategies at the first half of the twentieth century. It was during Capanema Ministry period that biopolitical rationality was constituted as a governmentality strategy, having education as an element that connected to a narrative of nation has regulated the population way of life acting directly on the individuals’ activities and behaviors.