Participação dos atores turísticos em sistemas de governança em turismo : um estudo a partir dos municípios de Bento Gonçalves (RS), Bonito (MS) e Ouro Preto (MG).

Abstract

The actor´s participation in the processes involving a destination´s touristic governance is one of the main ways of promoting tourism towards sustainability and community integration at local and regional level. That been said, the main objective of this study is to investigate the actor´s participation in tourism governance systems, focusing on the reality of Bento Gonçalves, Bonito and Ouro Preto. As objectives, it is specifically sought to elaborate a conceptual proposal of democratic and participative governance, emphasizing the dimensions implied in the categories that have become fundamental in the elaborated analysis (management characteristics, decision making and empowerment, cooperation, institutionalization, coordination); to identify the main elements of tourism governance analysis categories that contribute (positively and / or negatively) to sustainable, integrated tourism development at the local and regional level. As a way of delimiting the field of study, based on a bibliographical review, the six categories of analysis mentioned in the specific objectives were constructed. The research that included the construction of the thesis took as an empirical reference the governance systems of the indicated municipalities, involving the collection and systematization of secondary data, documentary research and the conduction of interviews (with semi-structured itinerary) with tourist actors, and was carried out between April 2015 and December 2016 After data collection and analysis, it was possible to create diagrams for each of the six categories of analysis, as well as to elaborate claims on tourism governance in the indicated municipalities. The results obtained point to the existence of distinct realities regarding the actor´s participation in the touristic governance of the three sites surveyed, regarding that in Bento Gonçalves there were positive elements in terms of categories: management characteristics, decision-making power , Cooperation, community involvement and coordination, while in Bonito, the categories of institutionalization and actor´s coordination were positively highlighted, while in Ouro Preto it was identified a more positive aspect in the scenario of management characteristics, community involvement and actor´s coordination. Despite of the positive elements identified in the three places of study, it is also evident that its needed to provide progress towards the implementation of a tourism policy more focused on meeting the collective interests of the individual, contributing more effectively to tourism development Sustainable, community-based, integrated and participatory, both at local and regional level.