"Todas as mulheres são brancas e todos os negros são homens" : gênero, "raça" e a constituição normativa das mulheres negras no Brasil.

Abstract

In the perspective of post-structuralist studies, social relations are produced through an apparatus that encompasses institutions, practices and discourses. This apparatus is responsible for regulating and circulating social norms, which although reordered and permanently changed, maintain certain groups of subjects historically disadvantaged. In this direction, not only the conditions of life, but the subjects themselves are the product of historical and discursive processes, which occur in the most varied educational instances. From the Foucaultian perspective of the discursive formation of the subjects and the studies of Judith Butler on its performative constitution, the objective of this investigation was to understand the processes of racialization and of genderification that act in the constitution of the black women subjects, starting from gender and gender norms "Raza", in the perspective of performativity. I use as a discursive corpus the speech of ten self-declared women of African descent, which were obtained through a semi-structured interview. According to the women heard, the processes of racialization and generalization occur in accordance with norms that specifically target black women, as a separate group of black universals and women. The more naturalized gender norms were little mentioned. The racial norms, nevertheless, were evident, producing different performativities guided by the approximation or distancing of these norms, that can have as effect, their exposure to the condition of precariousness.