A commoditização do rural : uma análise a partir da bovinocultura de corte na região do COREDE Missões/RS.

Abstract

This research deals with the commoditization movement of rural production from the analysis of beef cattle farmers in the region of the Regional Development Council of the Missões (COREDE Missões), State of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective is to analyze this commoditization movement, which has the homogenizing bias of the production and the product, in what concerns its reflexes and repercussions on the forms of organization of the production, of the work and of the social relations of the beef cattle of court in the missioneira region. It is proposed to identify the degree of commercialization of the production of these producers, given the different interrelations that the producers maintain with the market, in the different stages of their production process. The theoretical and methodological framework used is that of Economic and Social Formation (F.E.S.), in order to take into account the specificities and particularities of the territory, referring to historical, cultural, economic, social, environmental, geographic and political aspects in the construction of its territoriality. For that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-one (21) beef cattle farmers from the Missões region, between October and November of 2017, considering the productive aspects and different perceptions of the producers. The interviews were directed according to the different production cycles of beef cattle breeding: breeder, re-breeder/terminator, breeder/re-breeder and complete cycle. The aim was to analyze the producers and their production cycles, according to their interrelationship with the market, through a greater or lesser degree of integration or productive commodification. Thus, the producers were typified as to their degree of commodification of production: the breeding cycle was classified in a dynamic of incomplete commodification; the cycle of recreating/termination, typified with high integration with the market, that is, in a process of complete commodification; the breeding cycle, is classified in a dynamic of sustainable internal production, characterized by low market integration; the complete cycle, in the perspective of strong incomplete commodification. There is a great deal of heterogeneity between producers, both in terms of production and historical, cultural, geographical and social. In addition, two types of bovine animals were distinguished in relation to their insertion in the market. The former plays a productive logic of sustainability, with the creation and creation/rearing cycles in this perspective. The second has a market-oriented (or economic rationality) production logic, represented by the cycles of production of the recruiter/terminator and the complete cycle. The more integrated and inserted into the market, or the greater its degree of commodification of production, the more connected are its productive processes, in the logic of global reproduction, interconnected to the commoditization movement - or standardization of activities (global product). Thus, the trend of integration with the producer’s market (commoditization movement) will consequently have a greater or lesser impact on the forms of productive organization, labor and social relations within their different developmental trajectories, according to their specific characteristics and territorial.