Revisão bibliográfica : efeitos de dietas com restrição de carboidratos sobre o metabolismo na obesidade.

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that is associated with excess body mass in the form of fat and is related to increased morbidity and mortality. Among the forms of prevention are the change in eating habits and lifestyle. There are several strategies which help in improving body composition and cardiometabolic parameters, among them the low-carbohydrate diets (LCD). LCD emphasizes a change in the recommended macronutrient balance, where <40% of the daily energetic total of carbohydrates (CHO). Due to the increase in obesity and the growing interest in dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of this condition, the objective of this study was to review the effects of LCD on different metabolic and hormonal variables of obesity, addressing their advantages and disadvantages, Materials and methods: The literature review was performed from the following databases: Pubmed (Medline) and Scielo. It was read 100 study summaries. Of these, 15 were included that evaluated the effect of LCD on some metabolic, hormonal or body composition variables in obesity. Discussion and conclusion: Different studies have shown that LCD may be useful for obese individuals due to a decrease in triglyceride levels, increase of HDL, decrease in inflammation, improvement in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, besides a loss of weight and decrease of the waist circumference. More studies are needed to verify the effects and confounding factors of this intervention on mortality risk.