Implementação da política de acessibilidade comunicativa : o seguimento televisivo em canais abertos de veiculação estadual.

Abstract

The media have a great social importance: their role is to inform, discuss and generate opinions. According to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, people with disabilities are those with long-term physical, intellectual (mental) or sensory (sight and hearing) disabilities, which, in interaction with various barriers, can obstruct their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with other people. There are currently more than 45 million people in Brazil who have some kind of disability - visual, auditory, motor, mental or intellectual, representing 23.9% of the country's total population. All these data show that at least about 12 million Brazilians do not have full access to open television programming. Access to all types of communication means that all people with disabilities can not only be included in society, but also guarantees one of the rights provided in the Federal Constitution, which is the right to information. Therefore, TV broadcasters should be prepared to attend this segment of the audience. In view of this reality, the objective of this research was to know the current situation regarding the implementation of the public policy of accessibility in the private broadcasters of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thus, a collective case study, with an approach based on dialectical materialism. For this purpose, the collection of information through online questionnaires, the use of secondary data available, mainly on the websites of television stations, the Ministries involved, Faders, Conade and IBGE, and also through documentary research. The collected material was analyzed under three categories: historicity, contradiction and totality. In the historicity we tried to account for all the contextualization of people with disabilities in Brazil, the ways of legislation and advances (or not) in the television medium. In the totality category, the aim was to account for the object of study: the role played by the social actors (TV broadcasters, supervisory bodies, etc.). And the contradiction permeated research from the beginning of its elaboration, because it was precisely from a contradiction that this theme was established. It was noticed that, despite the current legislation, few initiatives are being put into practice. In addition, these observed initiatives still need improvement. The supervisory bodies claim to fulfill their role, as well as organized civil society. Accessibility on open TV began to be implemented in 2008, when at least 2 hours a day of the content displayed by the broadcasters would have hidden captioning and dubbing. This number of hours would increase progressively and by the year 2015, for example, would be 20 hours per day. However, given the observation made, these numbers are not reality. What have been encountered were obstacles or obstacles that make it difficult or impossible to express or receive messages through means or communication systems, whether or not mass. In this way, the effective implementation of public accessibility policy needs to become reality by 2020. It is necessary to deconstruct the barriers to communication. Today, there is still much to do and little time until the stipulated date.