Situação e perspectivas para o desenvolvimento dos jovens rurais : um estudo a partir dos jovens formados no Programa de Empreendedorismo do Jovem Rural no Centro de Desenvolvimento do Jovem Rural no Vale do Rio Pardo - RS.

Abstract

This study analyses the situation and the perspectives of the rural youth in the countryside, identifying as a proposal of education of informal character (Post High School) and turned to the enterprising of the Rural Youth that can contribute to the improvement of his/her life conditions. Moreover, we analyze as such proposal can incentivize them to choose the realization of their life projects in the countryside. This study also brings aspects about the rural development, as well as questions that permeate the family agriculture due to the nuances that influence the life choices of the youth. In this context, education assumes an important role for the formation of the basis of human beings, both in the aspects of knowledge, and in the strengthening of the individual personality, exerting great part of responsibility about the opportunities and choices that these youth will have. In order to show it, the present study brings constituent elements on the model of public teaching developed in Brazil, even the education models brought by the social movements, considered more adequate for the countryside population, that is, the Pedagogy of Alternation, and the movement for the Countryside Education. It is in this teaching proposal that the Programme of Enterprising of the Rural Youth (PEJR) fits. The field research done has brought elements that allow to verify the contribution of this modality of teaching for the development of the Rural Youth in the Region of the Rio Pardo Valley. Based on an almost experimental research with 219 rural youth, we have perceived that the biggest problems for the youth to develop their life projects are: low wages, absence of enough land area for work, and the difficulty of access to credit in order to develop new productive activities. On the one hand, we have also perceived that the rural youth that participated in the PERJ besides presenting bigger social insertion, also showed bigger environmental conscience and bigger degree of productive diversification in the family units than the youth of the group of the Non Participant. Such conclusion validates the quality of the programme for the improvements of the aspects of the group of the Agents of the Rural Development (ADRs). On the other hand, we have also perceived that, even though the ADRs have presented a bigger degree of diversification productivity, such diversification was more meaningful in the production plan the for local consumption rather than for market sales. So that the market diversification continues to be a challenge to be better worked in the PERJ and faced in a group effort by the actors of the region.