Políticas públicas, rede de transporte e desenvolvimento regional no estado do Amazonas - Brasil.

Abstract

This work aims to understand the state of Amazonas for him there a demand for transport policies appropriate to its geographical position, its extensive territorial dimension and the requirements of its development. These policies should include the use of its transportation network that is responsible for the connection of short, medium and long distance, the internal road connections, those that connect the state to the other regions of the country and even to countries with which the Amazon own borders. The analysis of more than one modal transport network in Amazonas State intends to extend the field of study, and also avoid a bias on a particular transport mode featuring a unilateral approach, agreeing with Almeida Ribeiro (1989). Thus, we set a timeline to structure the development of research to respond to trends and issues of convergence between public policies and territorial development. The first period corresponds to the interval between the end of the so called Brazilian archipelago, from 1930, and early adoptio n of regional planning, 1959. The second period was the production of the state space and territorial integration, from 1960 to 1985. Finally in the third period, from 1986 to 2008, has the moment of disintegration competitive space in the country, the creation and implementation of the Northern Corridor Project and the designs of the National Plan for Transport Logistics. Therefore, this work appears also as an opportunity to further theoretical and conceptual issues of regional development and transport policies for the Amazon. Research on the transport network in Amazonas State was guided by the critical studies conducted by authors such as Egler (2008), Offner (1993), Silveira (2003), Joignaux et al (2007), Joignaux (2004 and 2005) that although do not address the issue of "Amazon", produced texts that are relevant for understanding the modes of transportation in its relation with the territory. We chose to analyze the micro-regions of Madeira and Purus, by having the three modes used in the Amazon in most of its municipalities. In summary, we conclude that the selected micro-regions attended the first of the pioneers in the promotion of transport in Brazil in the interconnection of remote and isolated provinces aimed at developing a nation-state when their territories were established in the federal highway BR-319 and BR- 230, as well as airports in the cities. The expansion of xxviii transportation routes allowed the intensification of immigration to new lands and expansion of agricultural colonization. The two micro northeastern received at the time of intensive exploitation of rubber, and then Southern, in expanding the agricultural frontier. That changed the way of life of local people and increased the need for the provision of essential services to the population. The programs and transportation projects did not exhibit a set of actions for the same purposes, and not a superposition of the actions and policies, showing the divergence of interests between the federal government and the economic agents that operate in these territories.