Desenvolvimento de bioprocessos para a remediação do resíduo pó de tabaco por cultivo em fase submersa (Bacillus subtilis JB5) e cultivo em fase sólida (Pyconoporus sanguineus).

Abstract

The development of bioprocesses allows the use of many microorganisms for the treatment or remediation of a wide variety of industrial waste. Fungi and bacteria are identified as the main agents in these processes that advocate the treatment and final disposal of waste and / or the restoration of areas affected by human action. The tobacco powder residue (TPR) is presented as a bioproduct of tobacco processing and, therefore, regionally symbolizes a concern especially in the final disposal. Thus, the objective this work was using the TPR as an alternative substrate for prospecting and growing enzymeproducing microorganisms could be characterized as an alternative for adding value and environmental remediation. The working methodology applied in this work consisted of (i) bibliometric mapping of lignocellulosic biomass residues and their main uses (ii) physical-chemical characterization of TPR, (iii) screening, isolation and evaluation of the potential of microorganisms in use the residual substrate, (iv) conduction of microbial cultivation in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid phase (SSF); (v) optimization of the fermentation process of cellulases production, by determining the FPase and (vi) determining the ergosterol content in the residual substrate of the SSF. The concentrations of metals present, pH value, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates differ from those found in other studies due to the heterogeneous source of TPR. For FCM, the values found were similar to those of other studies reported in the literature. Six different bacterial colonies (JB) were isolated from the TPR and after performing the enzymatic tests, the isolate with the greatest cellulase activity was selected, named JB5, and which was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The chemical analysis of the TPR showed that it has the potential to be used as a substrate for obtaining enzymes from the cultivation of bacteria, in CFSm, and the fungus P. sanguineus, in CFS. The production of total cellulases (FPAse) was evaluated through was optimized through an experimental design whose variables of temperature, pH, residue concentration, agitation speed, concentration of NaCl and surfactant were evaluated. The optimization of the processes promoted an increase in the FPase activity indices, however when there was an increase in scale (in STR bioreactor), the values obtained were lower than those predicted by the model. The CFS was conducted using a strain of Pycnoporus sanguineus, and the determination of the ergosterol content was performed by validating a new methodology using high performance liquid chromatography. The conditions of production of microbial cellulases optimized in this work can serve as a guide for further investigations, allowing the use of RPT to be industrially attractive, while allowing it to serve as an environmentally adequate alternative for its remediation. Besides guaranteeing the cultivation of P. sanguineus, the CFS demonstrated that this bioprocess can minimize the impacts associated with industrial activity.