Da biopolítica a necropolítica : tratados internacionais, políticas anti-imigração e educação sobre migrantes.

Abstract

The photographs of two dead bodies of migrant children (Aylan Kurdi and Valéria Martinez) represent the necropolitics in the world today. Migration issues have intensified over the last few years, consequently the deaths of these individuals who migrate, in search of a better life, as well. The present dissertation has as research problem, using the concepts of biopolitics and necropolitics, presented by Michel Foucault and Achille Mbembe, to demonstrate how anti-immigration policies and neoliberal discourse educate for the strengthening of necropolitics. For this purpose, the analysis of two international documents was used as research materials, namely the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, produced by the United Nations (UN), and the Cartagena Declaration, created by South American countries with the aim of amplifying the concepts of refugees. Through the speeches made by these documents, States and Organizations were able to define who the migrants and refugees are, how to manage and welcome these migrants, how refugees can qualify as refugees and, mainly, how this Pact and that Declaration can educate, through the speeches, the local and international populations, the States, the Organizations on the international migrations. In addition, a series of anti-immigration policies was employed, such as the invisible wall of Agadez, the Moria refugee camp, among others, taking into account the issue of necropolitics, developed by Achille Mbembe. The antiimmigration policies developed by the State, aimed at migrants, aim to stop them and leave them with the least possible protection, consequently making these lives precarious and causing the death of these subjects.