Avaliação da adesão do tratamento medicamentoso em pacientes asmáticos no componente especializado.

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pathology in the lower airways causing hyperresponsiveness of the same and variable airflow limitation, being generally reversible (BRASIL, 2002). It currently affects approximately 235 million people, commonly in children (WHO, 2017). The treatment of asthma has the purpose of improving the quality of life through the control of symptoms and improvement or stabilization of pulmonary function (BRASIL, 2013). The specialized component of pharmaceutical care presents a list of drugs for the treatment of specific conditions affecting a limited number of users, such as transplant patients, patients with chronic renal failure, multiple sclerosis, chronic viral hepatitis B and C, epilepsy, schizophrenia, Alzheimer, among others (BRAZIL, 2010a). The objective of the study was to evaluate the adherence to the drug treatment provided by the specialized component for asthmatic patients attended by the State Pharmacy in the city of Cachoeira do Sul / RS. The study was observational and cross-sectional. The interviews were carried out through the application of a questionnaire to 44 users of the State Pharmacy. The adapted Morisky, Green and Levine (1986) method was used in the questionnaire to evaluate adherence to treatment, where a scale is assigned to quantify adherence using four questions with yes or no alternatives. Socio-demographic data, behavioral and health variables, and pharmacotherapy were also included. The data were analyzed in the SPSS software version 20.0 (StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences 20.0) and, later, the association test between the variables was performed using the chi-square distribution to measure the significance of the obtained data. A total of 68.1% of asthmatic patients who did not adhere to the drug treatment were obtained. The profile of these patients was defined as the predominance of ICD j45.0, predominantly allergic asthma, female (59.0%), age group equal to or above 60 years old (61.4%), ex-smokers (47.7%), 36.4% did not have physical activity and were not interested, 56.8% used a maximum of four medications, 86.4% received information on how to use their medicines, 45.5% medication was lacking at the state pharmacy, 68.2% were monitored by the physician, 52.3% stopped using some medication by mistake, and the predominant ICD was what characterized predominantly allergic asthma. To improve compliance, it is up to health professionals providing consultations to users, providing information on pharmacotherapy, and promoting educational actions with the health team, stimulating the importance of treatment in the context of adherence to reduce exacerbations and hospital visits.