Análise do perfil sociodemográfico, ocupacional e a exposição a doença da folha verde do tabaco de fumicultores em diferentes etapas do processamento do fumo.

Abstract

Brazil is a major exporter of tobacco and the third largest producer, losing only the first and second position to China and India, respectively. The production of tobacco has a great characteristic the family work and great presence of feminine and infantile work. In addition to the high risks of intoxication caused by the use of pesticides, workers are exposed to other problems, such as green leaf tobacco (DFVT). The objective of this study is to verify the sociodemographic, occupational and exposure profile to the green leaf disease of tobacco growers in different stages of smoke processing. A cohort study using urine collection to quantify cotinine from tobacco growers in three stages of tobacco planting from July 2018 to March 2019. The sample consisted of approximately 30 tobacco growers from the municipality of Lagoa Bonita do Sul, both sexes over 18 years of age. Tobacco growers were randomly selected as long as they fit the criteria for inclusion in the survey. A total of 30 tobacco growers were analyzed, most of them male (53.3%), aged 18-30 years (33.3%), and effective tobacco smokers. The average age at which the tobacco growers started working on the crop was 12.26 ± 4.79. All tobacco growers cultivated the variety of the Virginia type. In relation to hours worked, most worked more than 8 hours a day and owned their land. Regarding the use of PPE, 50% wore rubber gloves, 33.3%, waterproof blouse, 36.7% waterproof pants and 10.0%. and waterproof shoe. Regarding the guidelines regarding the use of PPE, 93.3% answered that they were advised of their importance. The clinical signs during and after contact with the smoke were mostly the discomfort 46.7%, nausea 30.0%, headache 30%, vomiting 30%, nausea 30.0%, weakness 33.3%, dizziness 30% and muscle pain 36.7%. Dosage of cotinine in the urine of two tobacco growers was carried out in planting, harvesting and selection. For a fumigator, the dosages of cotinine were altered at the sampling and selection stages. For the other farmer, the dosages of cotinine presented altered only in the selection stage. It is concluded that the use of PPE is necessary not only in the harvesting but also in the classification of tobacco to reduce exposure to pesticides and nicotine, preventing the tobacco grower from becoming ill.