Análise da qualidade de vida e estilo de vida de pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract

Introduction: The diagnosis of cancer (AC) is received by patients and their families with great sadness, causing suffering and stress, decreasing the quality of life (QOL) of everyone involved in the process. The disease needs to be understood as a traumatic and devastating event, with emotional, physical, interpersonal and social effects that can be controlled when the illness and survival process occurs. Objective: To analyze the QOL and lifestyle of cancer patients admitted to a hospital in a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Article: It aimed to assess the lifestyle and QOL of cancer patients who needed hospitalization in the city of Sinimbu / RS. Cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire with semi-structured questions about lifestyle, eating habits, alcohol consumption and smoking, socio-demographic and economic data, as well as history of the disease. To assess QOL, the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, short version of WHOQOL, was applied. The abbreviated version is composed of two general questions about QOL and 4 domains and each of these domains is subdivided into facets. Domain 1 (physical) has 7 facets / questions, addressing the degree of pain or discomfort, energy and fatigue, locomotion, use of medication and the ability to perform daily activities. Domain 2 (psychological) has 6 facets / questions where questions about spirituality, negative feelings, degree of concentration and acceptance of physical appearance are listed. Domino 3 (social relations) is composed of 3 facets / questions related to the social and family context of where the patient resides. The last domain 4 (environment) is composed of 8 facets / issues, addressing the safety of the place of residence, transportation, financial resources, health and social care. The questions for each facet follow the Likert scale (score from 1 to 5, with the highest average being 5 and the best is the QOL). The averages for each domain are calculated: adding the value of the facets and dividing by the number of questions in each domain. The research was carried out from November 2017 to October 2018, at the Hospital Beneficente Sinimbu (HBS), which is small, with an operational capacity of 50 beds and with care for different pathologies. Fifteen patients, diagnosed with AC, of both sexes, aged between 19-84 years participated. The first care of these patients occurs at the HBS and if you need to transfer to the referral hospital, this is referred to the Ana Nery Hospital (HAN) in the neighboring Santa Cruz do Sul (SCS), which is located about 29km away. Patient transportation is performed by the Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS). The results obtained in the lifestyle, low education can be considered as an important factor because there is no basic information about risk factors and their aggravating factors for cancer. Still as risk factors were: unhealthy food, with consumption of sausages and foods rich in fats and the greatest number of interviewees has or had as a profession agriculture with large scale use of pesticides. In QOL, domain 1 - physical had the lowest average, which was related to pain, physical appearance, locomotion, fatigue and daily activities. The environment domain had the highest average, being related to the environment in which patients reside.