As comunidades rurais inteligentes no Brasil e na Espanha : políticas públicas para assegurar o direito à sustentabilidade local e enfrentar os problemas socioambientais e a despopulação rural.

Abstract

This thesis examines how it is possible to implement smart rural communities in Brazil and Spain, and how local public policies and the right to sustainability can minimize socio-environmental problems and rural depopulation in these countries. Therefore, this research approaches the constituent elements of smart cities and how they serve as a legal and institutional basis for implementing smart rural communities, in order to achieve local sustainability and combat rural depopulation, in Brazil and in Spain, through law, either in the legislative sphere, by a bill instruction, or in the public administration, by a set of public policy guidelines. The problem with this thesis lies in the following question: how do the elements of smart cities serve as a legal-institutional basis for implementing smart rural communities, in order to achieve local sustainability and combat rural depopulation in Brazil and Spain, through the law, either through a bill or through public policies? Thus, in order to answer the research problem, five specific objectives are presented, corresponding to each chapter of the thesis. In the first chapter, the right to sustainability is discussed, based on the ideas of Ignacy Sachs (1993; 2002) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), proposed by the United Nations (UN), in addition to studying how sustainability is implemented within the scope in these countries of analysis. In the second chapter, public policies, local spaces and municipal management are studied, through a analysis between Brazil and Spain. The third chapter, on the other hand, focuses on the environment, both in Brazil and in Spain, in order to verify the main socio-environmental problems. The fourth chapter is about smart cities and how they can assist in the implementation of smart rural communities, to minimize socio-environmental problems. And, finally, in the fifth chapter, the possible answers to the problem presented in the thesis are evaluated, with an emphasis on viable local public policies which can be implemented to concretize smart rural communities, in addition to legal guidelines to minimize or solve socio-environmental problems which exist in Brazil and Spain. This study uses the monographic method, analytical approach and bibliographic research technique. Finally, it is concluded that it is possible to implement smart rural communities, together with public policies and sustainability, to minimize socio-environmental problems and rural depopulation, both in Brazil and in Spain, taking into account their potential and asymmetries. The thesis is linked to the area of Concentration in Social Demands and Public Policies, with the thematic axis Instrumental Dimensions of Public Policies, and linked to the research project registered at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), 345656, "The potential of cooperative Federalism in face of the asymmetries of the Brazilian local power".