Tratamento de efluentes de campus universitário com reator anaeróbio + wetlands construídos de configuração mista: fluxo vertical + decantador/suporte flutuante + fluxo horizontal subsuperficial.

Abstract

Constructed wetlands bring opportunities for the development of the so-called sustainable sanitation, with positive environmental impacts, both to recover degraded areas, and can create microcosms with species diversity and integration with urban environments where sanitation is still inadequate or non-existent. It is also possible to observe in several works in the literature the consolidation of research with energy recovery, nutrients and reuse of wastewater from treatment systems that can also contribute with positive values for carbon, energy and water footprints. This research theme combines with the so-called sustainable water management, where mainly in the form of decentralized sanitation, it reinforces the set of clean technologies. In this article, the evolution of research with the integrated system of wetlands of different configurations was evaluated, including life cycle analysis, considering verification of the sustainability of these sanitation systems. The Web of Science and the Vosviewer application were used for biobliometric analysis, and the SimaPro 8.04 software (Ecoinvent 3.1) was also applied for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an effluent treatment system integrating: anaerobiosis (RA), Constructed Wetland of Vertical Flow (CWVF) + Decanter with immersed Vetiver / Constructed Wetland with Floating system (D / FTW) + Constructed Wetland of Subsurface Horizontal Flow (CWHSSF). The bibliometric analysis revealed the research items most evaluated in the integrated systems of the built wetlands: assessments of environmental impacts with LCA, selection of construction materials and support systems, use of sequential systems, water reuse and cost evaluation. Systems with the proposed configuration and evaluated by ACV in this study do not appear in the literature, especially with the D/FTW configuration. The network analysis showed that 81.9% of the impacts are associated with the construction of the unit on a pilot scale and that 14.5% and 3.6% are associated with the effluent to be treated and the effluent treated by the system. The treatment tests demonstrated that the AR + CWVF + D/FTW + CWHSSF system was efficient for mineralization and denitrification, with reductions in COT of 89.5% and total nitrogen of 93.7%.