Avaliação da qualidade e perfil dos usuários de medicamentos hipolipêmicos dispensados pela rede pública de Vera Cruz - RS.

Abstract

Due to inadequate nutrition and the absence of physical activity, there is an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population, with dyslipidemia being important risk factors for the development of these diseases. The treatment of dyslipidemias includes the use of medications as a way to reduce plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, including bezafibrate and simvastatin. The distribution of these to the population using the public network can be carried out free of charge, with the acquisition by the government, in most cases, through bidding, with the purchase prevailing at the lowest value. Thus, there is a need to assess the quality of the medicine to be dispensed to the population, verifying that it meets the parameters as recommended by the current legislation, so that they can have therapeutic action, with guaranteed efficacy, safety and quality. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze quantitative and qualitative pharmacopoeial parameters, in addition to assessing the profile of the population using the hypolipemic drugs dispensed. To this end, an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out, allowing to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological profile of the patients, in addition to evaluating the dispensed drugs. Hypolipemic drugs dispensed by the municipality for analysis were included in the study, in addition to patients on continuous use of the medication, who answered a semi-structured questionnaire. The data from the questionnaires were tabulated in Excel and subsequently analyzed in SPSS, through the evaluation of mean and standard deviation. As for the results of the qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the drugs, the samples of simvastatin of 20 and 40 mg, met the pharmacopeic parameters in the determination of average weight, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution, uniformity of unit doses and dosage. The 200 mg bezafibrate sample also met the pharmacopoeic parameters in determining average weight, hardness and disintegration. In the survey conducted with users (n = 50) of these drugs, the majority were women (62%), the average age was 61 years (± 11.86), 68% had other chronic pathologies associated with hyperlipidemia and 88% did not reported difficulties in controlling lipid levels. Many patients do not have healthy lifestyle habits, such as adequate physical exercise, which aim to contribute to the improvement of lipid levels. Regarding pharmacotherapy, all the research subjects used some of the hypolipemic drugs distributed by the Municipal Pharmacy. Of these, 40% used simvastatin 20 mg and 56% used simvastatin 40 mg and only 6% used bezafibrate 200 mg. There was good adherence by patients to pharmacological treatment, as 86% of patients report not failing to take the medication even when they are well and 100% of them said they have knowledge about the medications used, thus favoring the achievement of satisfactory results in controlling the disease. However, due to the association with other chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes), it is clear that 62% of patients use polypharmacy, which favors the occurrence of adverse reactions related to medications and drug interactions. As for the occurrence of polypharmacy, there are many reports of adverse reactions, which can be caused by the high number of drugs used together, which interact with each other. Thus, it is concluded that all the drugs analyzed complied with the pharmacopoeial specifications and the profile of users of these drugs is characterized as mostly women, average age of 61 years, good adherence to pharmacological treatment and use of polypharmacy. Thus, it is suggested the formation of groups for patients with dyslipidemia, to exchange information and experiences, in addition to multiprofessional care among the various professionals in the Health Units, such as doctor, pharmacist, health agent, nutritionist and physical educator, contributing to improving the quality of life and reducing lipid levels.