Alterações em exames citopatológicos e análise da vacinação contra o Papilomavírus Humano em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed disease and the fourth leading cause of death in women worldwide. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially high-risk HPV 16 and HPV 18, is directly related to the appearance of cancerous lesions. The CCU is slow to develop, and the time between it and the precancerous lesions is 10 to 20 years. Thus, the Papanicolaou preventive exam allows the lesions to be diagnosed early, helping in the treatment. HPV infections occur more frequently in young women, so the most important prevention strategy for cervical cancer is vaccination. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of cellular alterations in preventive exams performed by the Unified Health System of women residing in Candelária/RS, as well as to verify the amount of doses applied of the HPV vaccine in the city. Information on exams and vaccine doses were collected between the periods 2017 to 2020 at DATASUS/SISCAN and at the Municipal Health Secretariat of Candelária. As a result, of the 4091 exams evaluated, the presence of benign alteration was found in 40.67% of the samples, with inflammation being the most prevalent (33.32%). Cell atypias were observed in 1.58% of the exams, among them LSIL was the most frequent (56.92%), followed by ASCUS (33.85%). The age group with the highest percentage of cytopathological changes was women aged 20 to 29 years (29.23%). 2065 doses of the HPV vaccine were applied, the highest amount in 2017 (35.7%). Regarding gender, it was observed that vaccination occurred more significantly in boys than girls. Assessing age, the 9-year-old group was the most vaccinated (25.86%) and the 14-year-old adolescents were the least vaccinated (6.73%). It is concluded that benign changes were the most prevalent and among the atypia, LSIL was the most found. There was a greater immunization of boys than girls and, according to age, adolescents aged 9 and 14 years were, respectively, the most and least vaccinated.