A correlação entre problemas oclusais e distúrbios craniofaciais : revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Occlusion is defined as the relationship between the upper arch and the lower arch of the jaws. Occlusal problems can lead to disharmony in the stomatognathic system and in other facial regions, interfering negatively in the quality of life. The objectives of this study were to analyze the different types of occlusal problems and their possible damage to craniofacial and neuromuscular structures, showing the importance of the occlusion domain for dental practice. For this, a literature review was carried out, looking for materials in the collection available in the library of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul and in the databases: CAPES/MEC Portal of Journals, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish were used, giving priority to articles published from 2015 onwards. The literature was divergent in several aspects, showing different findings linking occlusal imbalance and complex craniofacial problems. Most authors agree that changes in occlusion can lead to muscle hyperactivity, a common condition in temporomandibular disorders. Condylar remodeling, myalgia, ocular and otological changes were also found, in addition to damage already accepted, such as injuries to the dental elements, the periodontium and the functions of the stomatognathic system. In conclusion, craniofacial disorders are frequently found, although they are not commonly associated with dental origin by health professionals in clinical care, in addition to the fact that few studies with standardized tests and appropriate instruments have been published with this theme in recent years.