A era fitness no período de distanciamento social devido à pandemia da Covid-19 : a relação entre a alteração do peso corporal, a saúde mental, a alimentação e outras variáveis de estilo de vida de usuários de academias.

Abstract

Introduction: Faced with the pandemic scenario due to Covid-19, mental and physical health has been affected due to social distance. Physical exercise is an important way of maintaining mental health, maintaining and reducing weight and, in addition, it is associated with the promotion of health and well-being. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between changes in body weight, mental health, food and other lifestyle variables of users of gyms in the period of social distance due to Covid-19. Article 1: Objective: to investigate the relationship between body weight change and lifestyle variables, during social distance due to Covid-19, in users of gyms. Methods: The population of this study consisted of members from 31 gyms in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul / RS, Brazil and who agreed to participate in the study. The study included individuals aged 18 years or over, of both sexes and who remained in controlled social distance, due to Covid-19, in the period from April to July 2020. Data collection was performed by through an online self-reported questionnaire, formulated in Google Forms. Descriptive statistics were used by means of absolute and relative frequency and Poisson Regression was used to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The level of significance used was p <0.05. Result: 102 users of gyms participated in the study, with a prevalence of females (71.6%) and the age group of 19 to 29 years (41.2%). The predictors regarding the change in body weight of users of gyms, during social distance, were the self-assessment of the poor health status classified as good / excellent, regular and poor (PR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.12; 1.53), stress (PR = 1.39; CI = 1.19; 1.61) and the absence of physical exercise at home (PR = 1.29; CI = 1.16; 1.44). Conclusion: In order to maintain a healthy and adequate weight, the modification of some lifestyle habits is guided, among them, the practice of physical exercise, the best management of stress and the maintenance of good health. Article 2: Objective: to associate eating habits and the frequency of physical exercises with the mental health of users of gyms in the period of social distance due to Covid-19. Methods: Study conducted with users of gyms in Santa Cruz do Sul / RS, Brazil. Users of gyms of both sexes, aged 18 years or over and who remained in controlled social distance, were invited to participate in the period from April to July 2020. For the assessment of food and mental health, we used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire (DASS-21), respectively. The evaluation of the practice of physical activity was self-reported by users of gyms. The analyzes were performed in the program (SPSS version 23.0). Multiple linear regression statistics were used and the level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: 102 users of gyms participated in the study. The anxiety, depression and stress scores were associated with the consumption of sausages, ready-to-eat foods, sweet drinks and sweets. Conclusion: Our findings point to an association between the consumption of ultra-processed food groups and sugary drinks with the increase in anxiety, stress and depression scores. Final considerations: Users of fitness centers reported changes in weight, being more prevalent in those who were in poor health, excessively stressed and who did not practice physical exercise. In addition, they maintained a frequent consumption of fresh and dried fruits and leafy vegetables and a rare consumption of ultra-processed foods. The sample also had higher averages of anxiety scores. Given this, it becomes evident the importance of strengthening health promotion strategies that can and should be used to be adapted to our lifestyle, at home, during the period of social detachment, due to Covid-19.