Modulação autonômica, parâmetros hemodinâmicos e antropométricos em trabalhadores rurais.

Abstract

Introduction: The day-to-day work of family farming workers requires physical activity to perform their tasks in the field that supposes a more intense activity, and even then, high percentages of excess body weight and other cardiovascular risk factors have been identified. The presence of these factors may compromise the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), altering the functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, whereas physical activity tends to preserve the functioning of these systems or minimize the deleterious effects of risk factors. ANS controls, in part, the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system, and changes in the modulation of this system are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV), a non invasive and easily accessible tool, has been used to analyze the cardiac autonomic nervous system. Thus, understanding the characteristics of this rural worker, and that in rural and remote areas there is a tendency for the health system to be less effective, it is justified the in depth analysis of these functions in this population. The objective of the dissertation was: To analyze the behavior of the autonomic nervous system, physiological and anthropometric parameters in rural workers of COREDE municipalities of Vale do Rio Pardo - RS. Chapter 1 compiled information on cardiovascular disease and risk factors, the health profile and characteristics of the rural worker, and key findings about HRV. Chapter 2 is composed of two original studies, whose objectives are: To compare HRV in rural workers according to age and gender; and, Check the association of short-term HRV with anthropometric variables (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and age at a rural population of municipalities of COREDE – Vale do Rio Pardo. A total of 49 rural workers, both male and female, from the South Microregion of the Regional Development Council of the Vale do Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul, were collected. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure values, and recorded HRV data, following the respective guidelines. HRV analysis in the frequency domain (low (LF) and high frequency (HF) components) followed international recommendations. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: 30 (61.2%) were males, and 27 (55.1%) were less than 50 years old. Statistical difference was identified between men and women in WHR (p = 0.01) and similarity between groups in the other variables. When comparing HRV according to age, workers aged ≥ 50 years had lower HRV, with a significant difference for the LF and HF components (reduced values). Regarding the comparison of HRV by sex considering the age group, there was a more pronounced reduction in men. For males, inverse correlation between age and LF (p<0,01) and HF componentes (p<0,01). As for females, there was an inverse correlation between LF and CC (p = 0.05), SBP (p = 0.02), and DBP (p = 0.05). Conclusions: The LF component of the short-term HRV was associated with CC and blood pressure in the female sex. While in males, the LF and HF correlation with age