Avaliação da ação da Cisteamina de uso domiciliar na resolução de melasma epidérmico.

Abstract

Melasma is a chronic and recurrent esthetics dysfunction caused by the increase of melanin. It is characterized by brownish macules varying from light to dark brown. It is presented as a hyperpigmentation disorder, located bilaterally and symmetrically on the face, in a central facial, malar and mandibular location. It is prevalent in females, specially after the childbearing age or during pregnancy. It mainly affects individuals with higher phototypes according to the Fitzpatrick’s scale and those that have a higher sun exposure throughout the years. It is known that this is a condition related to different factors, such as the use of oral contraceptive, genetic factors, hormonal alterations, and the use of medications for different treatment approaches. Cysteamine is a known as a depigmenting agent for topic use that promotes the clearing and removal of hyperpigmentation, by decreasing the activity of Tyrosinase 1 and Tyrosinase 2, of peroxidase, in addition of promoting the chelation of copper and iron ions and also by increasing the synthesis of intracellular glutathione. The objective of this experimental and observational study was to evaluate the efficacy of the daily home use of the topic cysteamine 5% emulsion, in human volunteers of different phototypes that presented epidermal melasma on the facial region. This study was conducted at the laboratories of the Graduate Program in Esthetics and Cosmetology of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), three female volunteers met the inclusion criteria, and were able to participate after the approval of the Ethics Committee, under the number 3.776.023. The three volunteers received a kit containing the cysteamine 5% emulsion, glycerin soap and the photoprotector SPF 30. The subjects underwent a 24 weeks treatment. The results were evaluated by the clinical diagnosis of the photographical images, by the MASI and MELASQoL method, before and after the purposed protocol. The results obtained, when observing the photos and by using the Wood’s lamp, showed that volunteer 1 and volunteer 2 presented a clearing and uniformization of the hyperpigmented area. However, this result was not observed for the volunteer 3. The quantitative evaluation did not show a significant decrease in the MASI values for the three volunteers. When analyzing the impact in the quality of life, the MELASQoL questionnaire showed that there was a significant increase for volunteer 1 and volunteer 2, indicating a positive impact of the adopted protocol. When evaluating the results for volunteer 3, since there was no significant evolution, this dysfunction continues to negatively impact her quality of life.