Contradições entre emancipação e alienação na trajetória docente de mulheres em Chapadinha-MA.

Abstract

This dissertation entitled “Contradictions between Emancipation and Alienation in the Teaching Path of women in Chapadinha-MA” aims to understand the contradictions between emancipation and alienation in the teaching trajectory of women; describe and know the teaching professional trajectory; to identify elements of emancipation and alienation in the teaching trajectory of women, to discuss the contradictions between emancipation and alienation in the teaching experience in basic education in Chapadinhense. The research was carried out with three retired female teachers residing in the municipality of Chapadinha - MA. The methodological option adopted was the historical-dialectical materialism associated with feminist epistemology, considering the movement of opposites and problematizations about issues that only women experience and feel. The research included historical contributions from the struggle of women, which began in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, such as those of Mary Wollstonecraft, Olympe de Gouges and Nísia Floresta, as well as theoretical contributions from Bell Hooks and Silvia Federici, to analyze and discuss results found, and from then on, considering the elements of alienation and emancipation, proceed to content analysis from Bardin. From the script of 7(seven) questions, 17 (seventeen) categories of meaning units originated, they are: professional choice by vocation and family influence; education as a form of professional entry; challenges to obtain training, housing and teaching experience; absence of challenges due to good financial conditions; few challenges due to good communication; deficient or precarious school structure; involvement in social issues by influence of movement and church; absence of critical vision; privilege of traditional families; strong patriarchy presence; a continuous struggle fraught with difficulties and challenges; absence of difficulties due to maternal support; challenges of close people who did not have the same opportunity and social conditions in the region; identity of the woman related to that of the husband; I was never a housewife; division of tasks. The results show that the oppression of women by the patriarchy in Chapadinha had a strong ally religious traditions, authoritarianism and the segregation of class, race and sex, however, even in the face of contradictions, women rose up against the naturalization of being a woman mother and housewife, making teaching and social movements spaces for struggles and insurgencies, encouraging young people and teenagers to exercise critical thinking and to be more in the conquest of freedom.