As perspectivas multidimensional e multiescalar das políticas de desenvolvimento de territórios rurais : um estudo de experiências no Brasil e no México.

Abstract

The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the multidimensional and multiscale perspectives, from the context of the political arenas, in the configuration of the Development Policies of Rural Territories both in Brazil and in Mexico. Thus, we propose to investigate the socio-spatial processes and the theoretical foundations that originated the Public Policies for the Development of Rural Territories in both countries. We held a discussion around the concepts of development, territory and rural development, promoting a reflection on the coloniality of Latin American development and the influence of these processes in the territories, as well as in the formulation of territorial public policies. We investigate how the multidimensional and multiscale perspectives, mobilized by sociopolitical actors, are observed, observing the interaction of social, economic, cultural, political and environmental aspects in the configuration of the territory, as well as the multiple scales mobilized by the actors. In parallel, we seek to understand the conformation of political arenas in the process of formulating and implementing the Development Policies for Rural Territories in the Vale do Rio Pardo (Brazil) and Atenco-Texcoco (Mexico), in the same way as the particularities of each territory in the regarding social participation. For this, the methodological approach used in this thesis was historical-dialectical materialism. The survey of data was carried out through semi-structured interviews with leaders of the territories in analysis, in addition to secondary data, in bibliographical and documentary sources. The main results that show the research indicate the need for the creation of normative instruments that effectively guarantee the implementation of public policies so that it can mobilize and strengthen social participation. In addition to being multiscale and multidimensional, the processes of territorial development, we identify that they are multiactoral, which points to the need for an institutional architecture capable of guaranteeing the territorial approach as an alternative to overcome sectorization. It is concluded, therefore, that the recognition of the territory as the suitable scale for understanding the multiscale dynamics of multidimensional development processes, discussed and configured in political scenarios, legitimizes the socio-spatial and multiactoral particularities of each region.