Desenvolvimento e avaliação da segurança e eficácia de um bioproduto contendo óleo de abacate para o tratamento de radiodermatite em pacientes com câncer de mama.

Abstract

Radiodermatitis is the most common adverse event of ionizing radiation applied in radiotherapy treatments for breast cancer, occurring in 90% to 95% of cancer patients, of which it is estimated that 10% to 25% develop severe skin reactions, affecting impact significant in their functional quality of life. In these circumstances, avocado oil stands out as an alternative therapeutic resource in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin lesions due to its high composition of fatty acids and other bioactive lipophilic compounds responsible for the regenerative properties of the epidermis. In view of this, this work aims to develop and evaluate the stability, safety and efficacy of a bioproduct containing avocado oil for the treatment of dermatitis resulting from radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer. A natural oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion with 10% avocado oil was developed after its phytochemical characterization. The information was submitted to preliminary and accelerated stability tests and to ex vivo analysis of skin permeation and retention, in vitro to assess UVA photoprotection, potential for skin cytotoxicity and ocular irritation, and in vivo epithelial regeneration and healing capacity. Avocado oil elevated high in monounsaturated fatty acids (61%), with oleic (C18: 1), linoleic (C18: 2) and palmitic (C16: 0) as predominant substances. The bioproduct has a preliminary and accelerated stability profile without altering its organoleptic, physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics. In addition, we have a photoprotective capacity of 71.25% against UVA radiation and no potential for cytotoxicity and ocular irritation in vitro, as it did not promote erythrocyte hemolysis reactions. It also presents an epithelial regeneration capacity of 38.6% and a healing potential of 87% in vivo using zebrafish. Thus, these data corroborate the effective and safe use of the bioproduct containing avocado oil in the treatment of skin areas induced by radiation.