A cooperação entre municípios de fronteira em políticas públicas de saúde : uma análise dos acordos internacionais pendentes de aprovação no Brasil.

Abstract

Considering the difficulties for the federation agencies to guarantee the fundamental right to health and this situation’s worsening context by the border municipalities; and based on the cooperative federalism and the principle of subsidiarity as guiding for the creation of public policies, it is aimed to analyze the border agreements between Brazil and its South American neighbors that are still in the process of publication until the year of 2020. Inserted in the context of the research line "Public Policies and Social Inclusion", the study is justified by the lack of public policies directed to the specificities of the border municipalities, mainly the ones related to the right to health. Considering the cooperative federalism and the local autonomy with the community’s participation, and the need for convergency of health public policies in the border municipalities, it is asked: what are the possibilities and the relevance of the cooperation among the border municipalities that compose the three arches of the Brazilian border, regarding the health public policies, considering the agreements still pending approval? From such questioning, the general objective is to investigate the possibilities and the relevance of the decentralized cooperation among the border municipalities that compose the three arches of the Brazilian border, focusing on the health public policies. The deductive approach method will be used for the research, using the doctrinal research and search in legislation embracing the possibility of implementing health public policies in the border municipalities based on the principle of subsidiarity and local autonomy with a greater community’s participation. In this context, the research stems from a general analysis for a specific analysis of the agreements between Brazil and its neighbor countries. The study is organized in the following points: first, a study on the Federalism emergence in the world is presented, its path in the national scenario and its current structure, as well as the way that the principle of subsidiarity is aligned with this system and how it can guide the creation of public policies and participative democracy. In the second moment, the theory of the public policies as a way of guaranteeing fundamental rights and all the stages they go through to be implemented are approached, focusing specifically on the health public policies and on the context of the Unique Health System (SUS). Lastly, the study deals with the legislation regarding borderland strips and their modulations over the decades, in addition to a qualitative analysis of the border agreements in progress, using criteria developed to evaluate their relevance for the border municipalities. The last stage of the study aims at demonstrating, through the collected data, the vulnerability situation and the lack of cooperation among the municipalities of this region. It is concluded that the agreements allow a higher assurance for the fundamental right to health for the border municipalities’ population, once it provides cooperation for these municipalities that are far from big centers, but next to their neighbors across the nation’s boundaries.