Tráfico internacional de crianças e adolescentes na América Latina : um estudo sobre políticas públicas de enfrentamento a partir do caso da Tríplice Fronteira do Cone Sul (Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai).

Abstract

The theme of this doctoral thesis is based on the study of public policies to prevent the international trafficking of children and adolescents in the Triple Border of the Southern Cone formed by Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, with a temporal delimitation of research and studies carried out between 2010 and 2020 With the theme as a foundation, the study was based on the following research problem: to what extent is it possible to renegotiate the fight against the international trafficking of children and adolescents in Latin America, especially in the Triple Border, through the survey of challenges, perspectives and the possibilities of proposing and disseminating joint, coordinated and integrated cross-border strategic public policies for prevention and repression? Faced with this challenging theme, the general objective was to analyze the challenges, perspectives and possibilities of renegotiating the fight against the international trafficking of children and adolescents in Latin America, specifically in the Triple Border of the Southern Cone, through the proposition of public policies joint, coordinated and integrated cross-border strategies for prevention and repression that are based on the intersectionality present at the base of trafficking, the specificities of the region, the interconnections with peripheral capitalism and the constitution of trafficking networks. To achieve this objective, five specific objectives were defined that correspond, respectively, to each of the chapters of the thesis: in the first, it was concerned with knowing the development of international trafficking in persons in Latin America. In the second, the objective was to understand the legal norms and public policies of the three countries in the fight against the international trafficking of children and adolescents in the Triple Border. In the third, we sought to translate the interconnections between the development of peripheral Latin American capitalism, the maintenance of inequalities and extreme poverty, and the trafficking of children and adolescents in the region. In the fourth, the participation of groups in the constitution of economic networks for international trafficking and the contradictions of state action were analyzed. And, in the last one, the objective was to propose the construction and dissemination of national, intergovernmental and cross-border public policies to combat the international trafficking of children and adolescents. In the construction of the study, the methodological approach used in relation to the objectives was an exploratory-descriptive research; as for the procedures, a bibliographic and documental research of quanti-quali character and, with regard to data analysis, the hermeneutic-dialectic method was used, starting from a critical and multidisciplinary theoretical framework, taking Law as an original field, however transiting by authors from other areas of knowledge. This thesis is in line with the Research Line in Diversity and Public Policies and with the Area of Concentration in Social Rights and Public Policies of the Graduate Program in Law - Doctorate at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, as well as the research developed by Prof. Dr. Marli M. M. da Costa (advisor) and by Prof. Dr. Leonardo Granato (co-advisor). Magnitude of the fight against the international trafficking of children and adolescents at the Triple Border, state action must observe five aspects: redefinition of the constituent elements of citizenship; refoundation of public spaces; verification of symbolic power in the constituent elements of gender and race oppression; renegotiation of the fight against the international trafficking of children and adolescents and; readjustment of state action through public policies that are in tune with the full development of Latin American societies.