A indústria petrolífera em Coari - AM e suas implicações nas transformações territoriais.

Abstract

The Brazilian Amazon presents a diversity of interpretations, in case of this research, an analysis of the city of Coari in the State of Amazonas will be conducted, which is characterized by having on its territory the production of gas and oil, which influences the relationship with sociocultural and political-economic processes that develop in this municipality. By spatially delimiting this research, it is referring to a lived space-time marked above all by verticality and by exogenous development processes, which reinforce its subalternity and expand social inequalities, and in which, despite the access to abundant financial resources from petroleum royalties, it still maintains political and economic hegemonies arising from the Portuguese colonial model of the beginning of the century, of subalternities and elitism. The central object of this research will be to analyze the rural and urban territorial reconfigurations that occurred in Coari-AM from the implantation of the oil industry in the municipality, for this it is epistemologically anchored on the theory of territories of Milton Santos and researchers who deal with this theme, such as Rogério Haesbaert, Ruy Moreira, Bertha Becker, Arilson Favaretto, and Eliseo Sposito, so the concept of territory will be fundamental throughout the thesis. The specific objectives are: a) to analyze the historical paradigms of capitalism in the Amazon considering the implementation of the oil industry as an economic enclave in the municipality of Coari; b) to investigate how the oil industry affected the territorial constitution and which spatial variations occurred in the municipality of Coari-AM; c) to investigate the rural and urban reconfigurations that took place in Coari-AM after accessing the royalties resources. To this end, the thesis is structured in order to explore, describe and analyze the territory, socio-spatial formation and regional development in the Amazon and its action in the municipality of Coari, the great territorial changes that have occurred in Coari since the implementation of oil exploration until the present. From the interviews, it is noted that the implementation of the oil industry maintains and deepens a development project with a social separation where popular participation is restricted to the electoral process and finally, based on international experiences of the oil industry, I present the historical aspects of Brazilian oil exploration, the regulatory framework and royalties, international models for sharing the exploration of hydrocarbons and the Coari-AM relationship. Oil exploration in Coari is a real paradox: where the concern of oil exploration is only to produce and generate profits, little or nothing matters about local reality; it is not interested in community protagonism or the investments that can be generated from royalties collection.