Conflitos socioambientais em torno da atividade de extração de areia branca na bacia hidrográfica do Baixo Jacuí : Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil.

Abstract

The mining issue requires careful attention from Public Policy, as it involves individual and collective rights. Therefore, the analysis of Public Policies inherent to the extraction of white sand, and the socio-environmental conflict, was delimited from the period from 2013 to 2020, demonstrating different groups of public and private actors - in this context, the relationship between actors and sand mining companies in the riverbed was understood within the territorial space belonging to the Baixo Jacuí Hydrographic Basin, comprised by the municipalities of Charqueadas, Eldorado do Sul, São Jerônimo and Triunfo. The theoretical basis of the research was based on Public Policies focused on sand mining, interest groups, changes to the Mining Code, environmental policies, supervisory bodies and the mining company that owns the Mining Groups, within the scope of the aforementioned municipalities. . Aspects such as: regulation were analyzed; of taxation; environmental; the new Mining Code, PNM-2030 and regional development. It is in this context that the problem to be debated arises: How are interests and possible conflicts established around the activity of extraction of white sand, in the Baixo Jacuí Hydrographic Basin between the mining company and public and private actors, and what actions are adopted by the public sector? For this purpose, the general objective analyzed how the socio-environmental interests and conflicts arising from the extraction of white sand in the Baixo Jacuí Hydrographic Basin are established between the white sand extraction activity and public and private actors. For that, the research was carried out with a qualitative. This analysis resulted from interviews carried out with the actors: representatives of FEPAM, representative of COREDE Centro-Sul, former president of the Baixo Jacuí Basin Committee, representative of ANM and representative of the mining company. In view of this, the dynamics and mining practices were observed, and the production of corresponding negative and positive impacts. Furthermore, the existence of coordination that would enable the integration between governance structures and public mining policies was not verified. The need for organized proximity of governance and a reformulation of these policies was observed.