Obesidade metabolicamente saudável e não saudável : comparação de variáveis antropométricas, bioquímicas e estilo de vida em trabalhadores rurais do Sul do Brasil.

Abstract

Introduction: rural workers health is an unexplored area which deserves attention considering that those have health issues. Among those issues, we can cite the obesity, a disease considered a worldwide health issue, recently has been explored many subtypes of obesity, such as metabolically healthy obesity, thus the healthy metabolic status can contribute to less issues. Objective: to analyse and compare biochemical parameters, anthropometric measures, sociodemographic factors and lifestyle of metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) farmers. Manuscript I: Objective: to compare anthropometric measures, lipid profile and lifestyle from MHNW, MHO and MUO farmers. Subjects and methods: cross-sectional study involving farmers from Brazil. Identification and lifestyle information, such as sex; age; marital status; physical activity; sleep time; sleep disorder; smoke; alcohol intake and medication use, was obtained thru questionnaire. Waist and hip circumference and waist-hip ratio was obtained with anthropometric tape. Lipid profile was measured in automatized equipment. The participants were classified into three groups: MHNW; MHO and MUO. Results: of 131 farmers included, the prevalence of MHNW, MHO and MUO were 34.3%. 31.4% and 34.3%, respectively. The median age was 51.0 (41.0-58.0) years old and 70.3% were married. Regarding lifestyle, we found association from MUO with sleep disorder (p=0.007), alcohol intake (p=0.007) and medication use (p0.050). Waist circumference was higher in both obesity groups (p<0,001), , the waist-hip ratio is higher among MUO, also total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is higher in that group when compared to MHNW (p=0.016; p=0.036, respectively) and MHO (p=0.049; p=0.030, respectively). Conclusion: MUO is associated with presence of sleep disorder, alcohol intake and medication use. Anthropometric measures are related to obesity, despite the lipid profile is related to MUO. No differences between MHNW and MHO were found. Manuscript II: Objective: to verify if MHO is a similar condition to MHNW and identify risk factors to MUO among farmers. Subjects and methods: cross-sectional study among farmers. To obesity phenotypes were considered three groups: MHNW, MHO and MUO, using body mass index and metabolic syndrome components. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and labor variables were obtained. Anthropometric measures included waist circumference and waist hip ratio. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analysed. Results: Regarding the association between the MHNW and MHO, it is possible to observe that the MHO in farmers is a similar condition to MHNW, there are no differences to physical activity practice (OR = 1.125; 95% CI = 0.398-3.181), sleep time (OR = 2.167; 95% CI = 0.415-11.302), sleep disorder (OR = 1.625; 95% CI = 0.621-4.255), smoke (OR = 1.427; 95% CI = 0.266-9.003), alcohol intake (OR = 1.111; 95% CI = 0.352-3.502), total cholesterol (OR = 1.333; 95% CI = 0.538-3.307) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.737; 95% CI = 0.738-4.087). As risk factors to MUO, it was found sleep disorder (OR = 4.000; 95% CI = 1.602-9.985), alcohol intake (OR = 7.200; 95% CI = 1.953-26.541), continuous medication (OR = 8.308; 95% CI = 2.864-24.096), high total cholesterol (OR = 2.995; 95% CI = 1.090- 8.233) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 3.000; 95% CI = 1.269-7.090). Conclusions: MHO is a similar condition to MHNW in farmers considering lifestyle and lipid parameters. Furthermore, sleep disorder, frequently alcohol intake, continuous medication use, high total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are risk factors to MUO. General conclusions: MUO show higher prevalence of sleep disorder, alcohol intake and medication use, no differences between MHNW and MHO were found to lifestyle. About anthropometric measures, healthy and unhealthy obeses have higher results. Regarding lipid profile, the MUO have higher measures than MHNW.