A representatividade das mulheres na política brasileira e a (des)necessidade de uma política pública de cotas por reserva de cadeiras para equilíbrio da democracia representativa.

Abstract

This study aimed to address the public policy of electoral gender quotas and the political representation of women in Brazil. The centrality of this work resides in the fact that the quota policy has been highlighted as an important tool in the struggle of women to be included in the spheres of power, providing effective increases in the percentage of women present in the spheres of parliamentary representation in many countries around the world. world, notably in Latin American countries. However, when we compare the quantitative results of the public policy of quotas adopted in Brazil with those of other similar experiences, we verify that the Brazilian indices remain not very expressive and animated. Thus, it urges to ask, and this is what this study proposes, whether a policy of quotas that ensures the reservation of seats in the Legislative Power is recommended to correct representative distortions and ensure full democracy and the realization of the right to the guarantee provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988? In this scenario, the main approach portrays the central role of democracy in the Democratic State of Law and the female representativeness in contemporary society, molding itself to the Research Line of Contemporary Constitutionalism, with Dr. Denise Bittencourt, who works in the field of Democratic Public Administration. As specific objectives, corresponding to the analysis of each chapter, we sought to highlight the historical evolution of contemporary constitutionalism, as well as the role of equality in the Democratic State of Law, as well as to present the evolution of women's political achievements, as well as, the implementation of the Quota Policy in the national order and its repercussions on female political representation and, finally, portray the main modalities of gender electoral quota policies, presenting an overview of Latin American countries in relation to the adoption of the Quota Policy, in order to demonstrate whether a Quota Policy that ensures the reservation of seats in the homeland of the Legislative Power is recommendable, aiming at correcting the low representation of women in Brazilian politics. Methodologically, the hypothetical deductive method was used as a research tool to confront opinions and verify valid hypotheses to solidify knowledge on the present topic, and the procedures used were the bibliographic and quantitative research on official websites in Brazil and in Latin American countries, and secondarily, the documentary method based on the constitutional and infra-constitutional laws of Brazil and Comparative Law. The main result that this research points out is that the policy of quotas, by reservation of vacancies, adopted in Brazil has not ensured women's access to political positions. Moreover, in view of the low representation of women in Brazilian politics and the huge gap with the contemporary democratic ideal, as well as, in view of the good results presented by Latin American countries, which have legally ensured female participation in their parliaments, a policy of quotas that ensure the reservation of seats in the Legislative Power is indeed recommended, in order to achieve full democracy and the right to equal political participation between men and women in Brazil. Likewise, it remains clear that the adoption of a public policy of electoral gender quotas by reservation of seats is just another alternative for ensuring female representation in political spheres, leaving no doubt that gender parity in Brazil is a historic debt and the failure of the state to address this issue demonstrates a lack of real interest in addressing women's participation in parliament.