Um mundo sem cor : análises e narrativas da depressão infantil, medicação e processo psicoterápico num serviço-escola.

Abstract

Depression is considered one of the most prevalent emotional disorders in childhood and a constant challenge for professionals in several areas. Symptoms, in the short term, can act as sources of psychic suffering and, in the long term, interfere in the cognitive, social and emotional aspects of child development. The study is a quanti-qualitative mixed-approach intervention research, with prior approval by the UNISC Research Ethics Council. The quantitative data collection is characterized as descriptive of correlational and cross-sectional character, which aims to describe the prevalence of children with depressive symptoms attended in a school-service in the Vale do Rio Pardo/RS, investigate the medications used by these children and understand whether or not the use of the medication contributes to the prognosis of psychotherapy treatment. We used the analysis of 364 medical records of children, of both sexes, in the age group of zero to 11 years and eleven months, attended at the school-service between 2015 and 2019 and selected from a non-probabilistic sample of the sample type for convenience. For data analysis, Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used and, as a result, a prevalence of 14.29% of children with depressive symptoms was observed, of which 32.7% used some medication. Although the data showed a small difference between using and not taking medication, there was a greater number of records of abandonment among children who used medications than those who only used psychotherapy. Qualitative research is characterized as descriptive exploratory. A focus group was held that covered four meetings with 21 Psychology interns working in the same service-school. For data analysis, discursive textual analysis was used, which pointed to the emotional suffering of children and parental difficulties, childhood depression: sensitivity, care in the diagnosis and intensification of the pandemic and looks at the use of medicines in childhood. As a theoretical contribution, psychoanalysis was used, following authors such as Melanie Klein, John Bowlby, Donald Winnicott, André Green, among others. The narratives of these trainees provided subsidies for the creation of a booklet, a social technology of information nature, which aims to address the importance of prevention of childhood depression, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, in order to minimize the medicalizing logic of these children in psychic suffering.