O sobrenatural no documentário : investigando tempos e espaços culturais em três narrativas brasileiras.

Abstract

This research aims to identify the cultural times and spaces evident in Brazilian documentary narratives that address the supernatural theme, within a corpus of three contemporary short documentaries: Phantasma do Paquetá (Paloma Martins and Nilton Ferreira, 2008), Aconteceu no ABC (Bero Carvalho and Jhony Gusmão, 2010), and Em busca do Unhudo (Carlos Carvalho Cavalheiro, 2013). By cultural times and spaces, we understand the markers that allow the analysis of the relationships established between the theme and the narrative product, within a Latin American cultural perspective. The research is grounded on the cultural perspective highlighted in the studies of Jesús Martín-Barbero (2003, 2008, 2009, 2018), in conjunction with Motta's Critical Analysis of Narrative (2013), theoretical and methodological contributions used in the development of an analytical protocol adapted to the investigation. Considering the concentration area of the Graduate Program in Literature, focused on reading, we contemplate in this study the specificities of audiovisual language related to our object of study, based on concepts of cinematic narrative pointed out by Metz (2014) and Martin (2005). Regarding the documentary, for a comprehensive understanding, we anchor ourselves in the consolidated work of Nichols (2016), and concerning the specificities of the Brazilian product, we highlight the analyses of Lins and Mesquita (2011), who focus primarily on contemporary documentary. Regarding the supernatural, we start by clarifying issues relevant to its conceptualization as an element that opposes the real, through the texts of Berger (1997) and Xatara (2004). Subsequently, we seek to highlight its use in the context of the fantastic genre as a r ecurring theme, based on the studies of Todorov (1975) and Furtado (1980). In the analysis of the documentaries, in general, we perceive that the examined works tend to place their stories in a period distant from their contemporaneity but project echoes in the present, both through recovered memory and the lived experience of the portrayed communities. The spaces seem to suggest a connection between popular culture, belief, and religiosity, based on the traditions of groups inhabiting less developed or more remote areas from urban zones.