Sequência de Wetlands de fluxo vertical saturado com unidade de fluxo compartimentado de superficie livre associados com filtro concêntrico de argila expandida e material cerâmico para tratamento de efluente urbano.

Abstract

With rapid population growth, the generation of effluents has increased considerably, and the collection and treatment system still needs investment. For this reason, the search for new, efficient and viable technologies has been increasing over the years. One of the technologies that has shown promise is Constructed Wetlands (CWs). CWs are systems that use macrophytes to remove contaminants from effluents. However, there has been little research into the integration of different constructed wetland systems with compartmentalized ceramic filter systems. In view of this, the general objective of this study was to evaluate a saturated bottom vertical flow wetland system (SB/VFCW) with a free surface compartmentalized flow wetland unit with ceramic filter (FWSCCW/CF) in the control and removal of nutrients from sanitary effluent from a university campus. In order to achieve this objective, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using various studies, with the aim of understanding the advances in effluent treatment using constructed wetlands integrated with free-water surface constructed wetlands. In addition, a FWSCCW/CF was built, integrated with a SB/VFCW to evaluate its potential for removing contaminants from sanitary effluent. As a result of the bibliometric research, a total of 83 articles were obtained dealing with the search terms ("free water surface" AND "sewage" AND "wetlands"). The main integrations between WCs were between the vertical flow system + free water surface system, achieving high rates of removal of pollutants, suspended solids, BOD5, COD and pathogens, thus demonstrating the efficiency of integrated systems. The results of the experimental study show that the system is efficient, especially in terms of TDS, turbidity, TOC and COD. In addition, the fungus species Arthobotrys thaumasia (winter) and Tullasnella sp. (winter/summer) were found, fungi that are very important for the development of the macrophyte in the system. This research therefore provides promising results on the integration of constructed wetlands systems for decentralized effluent treatment.