Luz, câmera, reação : multiterritorialidades do audiovisual no Brasil e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento cultural.

Abstract

From the perspective of Regional Development studies, this thesis addresses the intersection between multi territoriality, politics, society, and culture, with a particular focus on the Brazilian audiovisual scene. Contextualizing them as fields of study over the past decade, a period marked by political and social turbulence in Brazil, we seek to understand how political changes, especially in recent governments, have affected cultural policies and their actors, highlighting the social and economic impact on the audiovisual sector. The theoretical-methodological approach incorporates Actor-Network Theory and considers multi territoriality not only in spatial but also symbolic terms. This thesis also considers the importance of technology in transforming audiovisual consumption by examining the central role of audiovisual as a tool for mass communication, politics, and economics, as well as its protagonism in cultural representation in Brazil. By analyzing the multi territoriality of audiovisual, its actors, and the implications of public policies for cultural development in the country, the complexity of this process is highlighted. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the research identifies the various layers that make up the multi territoriality of Brazilian audiovisual, examining the perspectives of the actors involved, public policies, and their implications for sector development, as well as the elements that highlight the importance of public policies in promoting cultural diversity. The results reveal a complex network of interactions, where the geographical and cultural diversity of the country manifests in the production, circulation, and consumption of audiovisual content. The thesis also identifies the existence of a dispute between classes and sectors, dating back to the early days of cinema in Brazil and expanding in new contexts. Public policies in the development of the audiovisual sector are also highlighted, from protecting cultural diversity to adapting to technological and market changes, considering the interdependence among various actors involved, including producers, directors, distributors, and digital platforms. Another point highlighted is the sector's susceptibility to paradigm shifts in public policies, especially the fragility of cultural structures in the face of governmental changes that have occurred in the last decade. The thesis also points to the discovery of actors, territories, and hegemonic structures operating independently in multiple territories, such as streaming platforms or as part of larger ensembles, such as the State, playing a central role in regulating and fostering the sector. Thus, the multi territoriality of Brazilian audiovisual is not only understood as a dimensional and relational issue but also an inseparable part of the construction of national identity, the promotion of culture, and an important participant in this development.