Políticas públicas para a prevenção e o combate ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo no Brasil : uma análise no contexto da meta 7 do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 8 da Organização das Nações Unidas - Agenda 2030.

Abstract

On May 13, 1888, Brazil formally abolished slavery. However, in the 21st century, the continued practice in labor relations, under new modalities, affects human freedom and dignity. Since 1995, after Brazil recognized, before the International Labor Organization, the presence of work in conditions similar to slavery, cases of rescued workers have gained greater repercussion. In 1995, Brazil recorded, internationally, the existence of contemporary slave labor. In 2015, there was a Brazilian commitment to the United Nations' 2030 Agenda, however, every year, thousands of workers are rescued, in different locations, demanding a more effective public policy cycle. The study will involve public policies to combat contemporary slave labor, from 2015 onwards, to achieve target 7 of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8. The research problem involves questioning: what are the obstacles and contributions of public policies to combat contemporary slave labor in Brazil, and whether there is an indication of compliance, within the stipulated deadline, with goal 7 of SDG 8 of the UN 2030 Agenda? To respond, the deductive approach and monographic procedure method was used, with the technique of jurisprudential and bibliographical research, which involved survey and analysis of specialized literature. The hypothesis indicates non-compliance, by 2030, with target 7 of SDG 8, due to the insufficiency of Brazilian state actions in structural and specific issues in tackling the issue. The general objective of the research is to analyze the obstacles and contributions of public policies to combat contemporary slave labor, as well as the indication of fulfillment, or not, of target 7 of SDG 8. Specifically, the objectives are: to discuss the historical context and foundations human rights; examine contemporary slavery – data and indicators; analyze international and national legal protections against contemporary slave labor; examine public policies to combat slave labor in contemporary Brazil. Justifying the theme, the research involves the 2030 Agenda and the need to align Brazilian public policies. As for the line of research, the study connects to the area of concentration Social Rights and Public Policies, with a line of research in Instrumental Dimensions of Public Policies, of the Postgraduate Program in Law (Doctorate) at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Regarding the orientation of the Thesis, it is justified based on the research lines of the advisor, Dr. Clóvis Gorczevski, with emphasis on the connection to the theme of Human Rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The co-supervisor, Dr. Suzéte da Silva Reis, is linked to the topic, as she is a professor at the PPGD at UNISC, in the subject of Equality and Contractual Freedom in Labor Law, and Coordinates the Study Group “Work relations in contemporary times”. Finally, the research is divided into five chapters: the historical context and foundations of human rights; contemporary slavery – Brazilian data and indicators; international legal protection against contemporary slave labor; national legal protection; Brazilian public policies to combat contemporary slave labor. The results achieved indicate that Brazil will hardly meet target 7 of SDG 8 by 2030, in order to end contemporary slavery. The study presents contributions to this window of opportunity, mitigating the deficit, or even, in an unprecedented effort, making it possible to fully achieve the goal. A complex and comprehensive National Flow is needed, involving the various stages of the eradication of contemporary slavery, with coping in the Brazilian structural model (overcoming denial, poverty, discrimination and insufficient investment in education) and, specifically, in existence and quality of information (data and indicators) for prevention, protection/repression, rescue and post-rescue of victims.