Regularização fundiária e governo digital : diretrizes para uma plataforma de apoio ao planejamento, implementação e controle de políticas públicas baseadas em evidências.

Abstract

This thesis, developed in the area of Social Rights and Public Policies, proposes guidelines for the use of data and smart technologies to support public policies for land regularization in Brazil. The central problem of the research is: what guidelines should be observed in developing a digital platform that assists Public Administration in planning, implementing, and controlling land regularization policies from a Digital Government perspective? The initial hypothesis is that the consolidation of emerging technologies in a Digital Government model can aid in planning public policies, identifying and effectively addressing current problems faced in housing, urban management, and land regularization in Brazil. The guidelines for a platform should include the integration of georeferenced data, interoperability between systems and institutions, facilitation of access to housing finance, and promotion of transparency and social participation. The research, qualitative in nature and using a deductive method, employs bibliographic technique and adopts Niklas Luhmann's Systems Theory as its epistemological framework, which serves as a basis for analyzing the complexity of public decision-making processes. The specific objectives correspond to the four chapters in which the research was developed. In the first, real estate property, adequate housing, and smart and sustainable cities are characterized as fundamental rights and contrasted with the Brazilian urban landscape at the beginning of the 21st century, characterized by problems such as irregular occupations, housing deficit, and inadequate infrastructure. The second chapter, supported by Systems Theory, investigates how public policies for urban management and land regularization are structured to ensure fundamental rights, and highlights the interconnection between political, legal, and economic systems. In the third chapter, the focus turns to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and Big Data, in the context of Digital Public Administration, demonstrating how these technologies can be applied to improve data collection and analysis, promoting informed decisions in public policy implementation. The fourth chapter, in addition to pointing out some existing digital platforms, proposes specific guidelines for developing a digital platform that assists land regularization. In conclusion, the hypothesis was confirmed, in the sense that a digital platform can be a strategic tool to address Brazil's urban problems, enabling evidence-based decisions. The proposed guidelines were segmented into formal and material dimensions: the former account for "how" the platform should be and direct towards ease of use and compliance with personal data protection, social participation, transparency, and adaptability to local situations and needs; on the other hand, the material guidelines guide "what" the platform should be able to do and deliver, highlighting interoperability between systems of various institutions, organized access to georeferenced data, constant updating of indicators, and integration with the real estate registration system, housing finance, and social protection.