Déficits de políticas públicas de inclusão social para imigrantes no Brasil : perspectivas de soluções multiculturalistas.

Abstract

The migratory flow of people around the planet is a historical, cultural, and intrinsic process to human habits, capable of causing agglomerations of immigrants in certain locations and, consequently, leading to cultural and social segregation. This doctoral thesis proposes a critical analysis, highlighting the existing gaps and suggesting guidelines for the development of effective and inclusive actions aimed at the migratory cause in Brazil. The study addresses the complexity of immigration from a multiculturalist perspective, recognizing cultural diversity as a central element in the formulation of governmental actions. Considering that it is an innovative topic with significant social and inclusive relevance, the problem addressed in this thesis can be described as follows: Are Brazilian public policies, oriented towards the migratory issue from a multiculturalist perspective, sufficient for the effective reception and treatment of immigrants who choose Brazil as a host country, or is there a need for clearer and more inclusive normative parameters? The work is divided into four chapters, with the following specific objectives: (1) to determine the consequences of the growing global migratory flow and analyze events of global repercussion where the presence of immigrants was not tolerated; (2) to expose and analyze the concept of multiculturalism, identifying its genesis and characteristics in contemporary times, and mapping its mechanisms of interaction with society; (3) to analyze, from a multiculturalist perspective, the existing deficits in national public policies for the reception and treatment of immigrants in Brazil, highlighting the positive and negative aspects when these policies occur in a disorganized manner and, in contrast, when the social phenomenon of immigration is managed through the application and implementation of appropriate methods; (4) to demonstrate the necessary guidelines for the implementation of governmental actions or, alternatively, for the creation of a public policy of social inclusion capable of receiving, organizing, and distributing immigrants arriving in Brazil, with the aim of operationalizing and rationalizing the maximum utilization of their individual capacities, ensuring respect for the preservation of their culture and, in practice, creating a multicultural society focused on cultural diversity. In response to the problem presented, the research proposes, through the hypothetical-deductive method, thirteen guidelines to foster a public policy focused on migratory issues in Brazil. These guidelines highlight the need for effective governmental actions with a focus on building a multicultural society, with prospects for social, cultural, and humanitarian gains. With this projection, the idea of an inclusion policy that addresses the management processes of social interests is consolidated, aligning with the objectives of the Master’s and Doctorate Program in Law at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, with a focus on social rights and public policies. Similarly, the work reflects the core themes of the research lines that support the program, especially regarding the instrumental dimensions of public policies and the research line of the guiding teacher, Rogério Gesta Leal, PhD, on the procedural theory of shared public management.