A questão ambiental e a sustentabilidade amazônica : a RDS Mamirauá.

Abstract

In last few years it has been observed a significant society concern about the environment preservation which concentrates animal and plant species with great relevance for the mankind. This concern is based on economic paradox growth vs. environmental preservation, emphasizing the peculiarities found within rich flora and fauna preservationists spaces and with native residents presence. This is the case of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), that fits in the category of Sustainable Use by allowing rational use of the resources and economic activities with low environmental impact. The MSDR conceived originally as preservationist space is now considered a reference in conservation and sustainability in Amazonas State and which radiates its participatory management for the other areas in the most different federation states. Its pioneering is responsible for framing as a sustainable development reserve in the Preservations Units National System, submit the first management plan and implement it, reshape it in the second version, take the first residents enrolled in the program giving handouts from the Government of the Amazonas State called Bolsa Floresta. This research aimed to evaluate the Forest Grant program and its actions in Mamirauá Reservation; to assess the current environmental legislation and check if this has changed the perception of the inhabitants of MSDR in relation to environmental preservation; analyze the relevance of Mamirauá RDS for the establishment of environmental sustainability state; evaluate if the pioneering measures in force from the Law of Environmental Sustainability favored the population that lives on the forest. To obtain the data we used: bibliographic, documentary and field research with the realization of two visits to RDS Mamirauá between days January 22-30, 2011 and between July 27-31, 2011 by scrolling through the main communities that inhabit the limits of Sustainable Development Reserve of Mamirauá - MSDR photographing and participating in meetings with the community. In the opportunity, was held 50 interviews with the community to be have the perception of these in relation to Forest Grant Program.The interviewees indicated that the products intended for nutrition, hygiene and cleaning and clothing are from neighboring municipalities by waterway and need of health services, education, sanitation and housing as main demands. The revenue of the families have as origin the management of fish resources of the Forest Grant program, crafts, cultivation of vegetables and other revenues, and the resources of Forest Grant program complementary source of income of families in food acquisition, transport services, acquisition of goods and services, clothing and health services. For the interviewees state law provided improvements in terms of conservation and environmental awareness among the residents of the reservation and the actions of agents involved contribute to secure sustainability actions. Although the Forest Grant Program has been evaluated positively by the interviewees is expected to increase the monetary value of the benefit, the inclusion of more benefit and the diversification of the number of investments and projects with the participation of communities.