Escolha e prática profissional de acompanhantes terapêuticos na intervenção ABA com indivíduos do espectro autista.

Abstract

This intervention-research aims to investigate the main variables that influence the choice and professional practice of therapeutic companions working in interventions based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A mixed methodological approach was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative data to achieve a broader understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. Data collection for the quantitative phase involved the administration of a closed-ended questionnaire using the Google Forms platform. The qualitative phase, in turn, was developed through two focus groups, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Participant characterization revealed a predominantly female profile, aged between 22 and 30, with backgrounds in Psychology, at the beginning of their careers, and currently pursuing higher education. The results indicated that career development opportunities and an interest in working with individuals with ASD were the main motivators for choosing the profession of Therapeutic Companion (AT), followed by financial gains and an interest in ABA. Previous experiences in school settings, contact with professionals in the field, and alignment with Psychology education also significantly contributed to this choice. Among the antecedent and consequent variables impacting the professional environment, the following stood out: employment relationships, relationships with colleagues, patients' problem behaviors, supervision and feedback, patient progress, remuneration, working hours, and commuting time. Perceptions of professional recognition indicated that clinical settings are perceived as welcoming environments with recognition and professional support, whereas other contexts, such as schools and society in general, still lack understanding and legitimacy regarding the role played by these professionals. The relationship with patients' families also presents challenges related to role clarity and family engagement in the treatment. On the other hand, the multiprofessional team showed occasional experiences of positive collaboration. These findings reinforce the need to expand dialogue and visibility regarding the work of ATs, promoting practices that strengthen the professional recognition of the occupation. The “Therapeutic Companion Manual: ABA Practitioner” was the technical product developed in response to the demands identified in this intervention research and aims to support the professional practice of ATs working with ABA and ASD. Among the main conclusions of the study, the importance of clinics and institutions that hire ATs investing in emotional support programs and ongoing training stands out. In parallel, it is essential to develop regulations that aim to formalize the profession, ensuring formal recognition of the role and access to better working conditions, such as formal employment, fair compensation, and benefits, thereby promoting greater stability and security for these professionals. This study is affiliated with the Professional Master's Program in Psychology and the research line Social Practices, Organizations, and Culture at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul – UNISC. It was supervised by Professor Dr. Karine Vanessa Perez and co-supervised by Professor Dr. Cristiane Davina Redin Freitas.