Avaliação da qualidade de vida em paciente oncológico : relato de caso clínico.

Abstract

Head and neck cancer, a diverse group of malignant neoplasms, significantly impacts the quality of life of affected patients. According to data from the National Cancer Institute, it is the fifth most common type of cancer among men in Brazil (INCA, 2023). The treatment, which generally includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, can lead to various oral complications, such as oral mucositis, xerostomia, changes in appearance, and voice, compromising essential functions like chewing, swallowing, and speech. Radiotherapy is fundamental in the treatment of head and neck cancer but may induce long-term side effects such as osteoradionecrosis, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), taste changes, among others. These sequelae, in addition to impacting physical health, can cause psychological distress, affecting patients' self-esteem, mental health, and social relationships. Early intervention and continuous follow-up can minimize oral complications, improve oral function, and consequently enhance health-related quality of life. The use of quality of life assessment tools allows for a more personalized and effective approach, directing interventions to the individual needs of each patient. This study aimed to evaluate the progression of oral health and quality of life of an oncology patient with a tracheostomy undergoing treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, using a clinical case report. Through detailed clinical follow-up and the application of quality of life assessment tools, such as the SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey) and WHOQOL (World Health Organization Quality of Life), it was possible to identify the challenges faced by the patient and the influence of treatment on their daily routine. The results demonstrated that head and neck cancer and its treatment impose significant challenges and impact patients' quality of life. Dentistry plays a crucial role in preventing and treating oral complications, contributing to better prognosis and well-being. Assessing the quality of life of patients with malignant neoplasms is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the disease and treatments on their routine, enabling the improvement of care protocols through clinical, social, and health support measures. The study contributes to understanding the importance of integrating dental care into the oncological therapeutic plan, aiming to improve outcomes for these individuals.