Traumatismo Intrusivo em dentes decíduos : complicações e tratamento.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to review and highlight aspects related to intrusive trauma in primary teeth, in order to demystify the topic for the dental community. Dental traumas are injuries that affect teeth and adjacent structures due to impacts that exceed the resistance of dental and bone tissues, as well as the resilience of periodontal tissues. Among these, intrusive luxation stands out, where the tooth is displaced axially into the alveolar bone. This can cause injuries to the periodontal structure and pulp tissue through the crushing and rupture of periodontal ligament fibers and vascular supply. Its occurrence requires the dentist to have extensive knowledge, enabling the proper conduct of anamnesis, physical examination, and complementary diagnostics, thus facilitating the understanding of the type and extent of the lesion—key factors for excellent technical and surgical management, favoring the trauma prognosis. The main epidemiological indices, etiology, diagnostic methods, and classification of intrusive luxation in primary teeth were generally addressed. The methodology involved a bibliographic search in the PubMed/Medline, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, filtering for publications from the last five years. The relevance of the topic is supported not only by the frequency and consequences of such traumas but also by the psychological impact perceived in children and their families. There is no consensus in the literature on the best treatment, with options ranging from the extraction of traumatized teeth to more conservative approaches based on clinical follow-up, where the tooth's direction must be carefully assessed.