Complexidade econômica periférica : o desenvolvimento a partir da ubiquidade e da indústria nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2013 e 2021.

Abstract

This study analyzed the economic, industrial and social dynamics in the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul between 2013 and 2021, seeking to understand how economic complexity conditions regional development in peripheral economies, thus postulating the existence of a Peripheral Economic Complexity, located on the margins of the capitalist system. From the perspective of the theory of economic complexity, the study analyzed how the economy of Rio Grande do Sul is structured, based on the productive system of the municipalities that comprise it, the degree of ubiquity and the amount of value added during the production of goods exported by the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. The theoretical support is based on the assumptions of César Hidalgo and Ricardo Hausmann, expanded by the theories of Celso Furtado, Milton Santos, Erik Reinert, Ha-Joon Chang and Alice Amsden, in addition to the consolidated Joseph Schumpeter and Walt Rostow, among others. In order to understand the gap between municipal economies, the Peripheral Economic Complexity Indicator was constructed, which made it possible to estimate the particularities of each municipality, exploring aspects such as talent, income, productive capacity and manufacturing, as well as dimensions such as technological intensity, income equality and equity, the export factor and the importance of education. These were grouped into two groups that represent the ubiquity of the productive system and the installed industry and the historical construction of the territory, highlighting the importance of social and economic factors for development. The estimates return existing expectations, such as the particularity of the productive system installed in the Serra region, especially when compared to municipalities located in the South and Border regions. At the same time, it indicates that in the context of underdevelopment or non-development, the existence of a manufacturing industry with less technological intensity can serve as a springboard for development or to guarantee higher returns than those in which there are no industrial dynamics.