Comunidade fúngica em sistema integrado de Wetlands construídos e Biochar.

Abstract

Nature-based solutions (NBS) have become a promising alternative for tackling environmental challenges related to wastewater treatment and ecosystem recovery. One of the widely recognized NBSs with excellent results in effluent treatment is the Constructed Wetlands (WCs). Through biological processes, these systems efficiently reduce and remove pollutants and nutrients from domestic and industrial effluents. In addition, it is one of the points of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that merit research for effectiveness in decentralized single-family systems or in taxpayer groups. In this context, the quest to improve these systems by integrating different units, filter media and microbiological communities is fundamental to achieving better treatment performance and efficiency. In view of this, the general objective of the study was to investigate the taxonomic composition of the fungal community of an integrated system of constructed wetlands (RA+WCFV +WFHSS +WCF +FILTRATION/ADSORPTION) and its potential for removing nutrients from sanitary effluents. Firstly, using the SCOPUS database, a bibliometric review was carried out to analyze the relationship between the main types of constructed wetlands used to treat sanitary effluents and the composition of their fungal community, in order to provide a basis for the experimental research. Thus, with the support of bibliometric data, an investigation was carried out into the diversity of fungi associated with the macrophyte Canna generalis in two different WC units used for the control and removal of nutrients from sanitary effluents at a university in southern Brazil. In addition, with the WC units from the previous study, an assessment was made of the efficiency of integrating different WC units, with different hydraulic loads, associated with red ceramic filters and eucalyptus biochar for the removal of nutrients present in the sanitary effluent from the university campus. Finally, from the results obtained, it can be concluded that SbNs, specifically WCs, show great potential in removing pollutants and nutrients from effluents, as well as being effective in recovering and preserving ecosystems.