Políticas de gênero e integração das mulheres no mercado de trabalho : análise comparativa entre as agendas públicas de Brasil e Argentina a partir dos anos 1990.

Abstract

The paper makes a comparative analysis between Brazil and Argentina, to detect what were the issues / social factors that acted as articulators / drivers of a favorable environment for appearing a public policies agenda on gender, with repercussions on the integration of women in work since the 90’s. This analysis provides elucidation for the events and actions of the state, in the period and space chosen, in relation to the women’s protection, as well as the detection of the speeches which were more strongly worked for the foundation of this agenda. To this end, the analysis seeks in the Historical Sociology, the sediments to affirm that the repressive political vision was strongly evidenced in the space analysis (Brazil and Argentina) and temporal (80 years onwards), there stands the importance of woman’s movement as a mean of female insurgency for greater equality and equity. In this troubled time when we were living the submission of women to men, with the obvious inequality of rights between the sexes, it is imperative to be presented the theoretical review on the concept of gender and also the view from the State, as well as Feminists, for the identification of the expressive and recognizable set of manifestations and collective action, which came back to drive and coordinate conditions for appearing gender policies and the integration of women into the labor market. This context is supported by female actions that reinforced women’s mobilizations, especially middle-class ones, both in Brazil and Argentina, focusing on the period ranging from the 80’s to the early third millennium. So, by means of secondary data provided by state agencies, as well as by relevant interviews and materials with important placements arising from names related to the cause, which contributed to the comparison, since international and national organizations were contacted for interview scheduling thus verifying the methodology employed in the light of compared Historical Sociology. The objectives have been achieved and the results were the expected, confirming that it was the women’s movement, both in Brazil and in Argentina the leverage of the success with the insertion of the constitutional and infra constitutional laws in the legal system in both countries for woman in labor relations, which had the political influence of some women who participated in these social demands, not without suffering the pressure of the media. This participation is to require new forces towards the formulation of public policies of affirmative action in favor of women.