Aplicação de bactérias como agentes de biocontrole microbiano (BCAS) na prevenção de infecções por fitopatógenos.

Abstract

The biological control of phytopathogens using beneficial microorganisms has emerged as a safe and sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides. This dissertation was developed in the form of scientific articles, comprising a systematic literature review and an experimental study. The first article, based on the PRISMA protocol, analyzed the use of bacteria as biocontrol agents (BCAs) in agriculture. A bibliometric analysis of 27 articles published between 2013 and 2025 highlighted the growing use of BCAs and the importance of exploring new promising strains. The second article investigated the potential of Bacillus spp. against the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Among five strains evaluated, Bacillus subtilis JB5 showed the greatest antagonistic activity. This strain produced hydrolytic enzymes, indole-3-acetic acid, solubilized phosphate, and grew in nitrogen-free medium. The antimicrobial compound extracted was identified as a possible bacitracin-like peptide, with inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes and R. solani. Although no statistically significant differences were observed in the germination tests with Lactuca sativa seeds, the results indicated tolerance to the pathogen and suggest the potential of strain JB5 as a biocontrol agent.