Assistência de enfermagem no cuidado perioperatório em cirurgia cardíaca : ações de educação em saúde ao paciente.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery is a high-complexity procedure that demands systematic educational actions from the nursing team in the perioperative period, in order to promote patient understanding, safety, and self-care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the educational actions developed by the nursing team in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery, based on the perceptions of professionals and patients. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study, conducted in a reference cardiology hospital, with 12 health professionals working in the cardiovascular area and 6 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Data were produced through a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions and organized using the Content Analysis technique, with the support of the IRaMuTeQ software. RESULTS: Nursing guidelines were predominantly delivered verbally, in a punctual and poorly standardized manner, with low use of printed or digital educational materials and limited family participation. Work overload, time constraints, absence of specific protocols, and low familiarity with educational methodologies were identified as institutional barriers that weaken communication, hinder clarification of doubts, and compromise information comprehension, especially among patients with low educational level. Both professionals and patients recognized active listening, welcoming, and humanization as central elements for improving care quality and strengthening self-care in the postoperative period. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is concluded that health education in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery requires the standardization of educational flows, development and use of accessible materials, and investment in continuing education in nursing, recognizing nurses as strategic agents in communication, patient safety, and continuity of care.