O PNE (2014-2024) como um dispositivo da governamentalidade neoliberal : educação e neoliberalismo no Brasil.

Abstract

The present dissertation seeks to analyze how the National Education Plan (PNE) for the 2014– 2024 decade operates as a dispositif of neoliberal governmentality in Brazil, acting upon subjectivation processes and the conduct of conduct within neoliberal rationality, as well as within the process of the marketization and entrepreneurialization of education. In this sense, the PNE (2014–2024) is intersected by other central educational legislations: the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDB), the PNE (2001–2010), Law No. 13,415/2017 (New Upper Secondary Education), and the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). Grounded in the concepts developed by Michel Foucault, the dissertation employs governmentality as a key concept in order to understand how processes of subjectivation and the conduct of conduct take place within a given rationality. In this regard, it also draws on the concept of dispositif, understood as a heterogeneous set of elements—such as laws, discourses, institutions, among others—which, by establishing a complex network, operates strategically in the process of subjectivation within the rationality in which it is situated, while at the same time being constituted and shaped by it. Neoliberal governmentality, guided by the rationality of neoliberalism (centered on market logic and competition), establishes the backdrop against which the dispositif of the PNE (2014–2024) operates, creating a scenario in which education is permeated by market logic and undergoes a process of marketization and entrepreneurialization. In this context, the PNE (2014–2024), as a central piece of educational legislation and understood as a dispositif within neoliberal rationality, plays a pivotal role. It follows the different facets of neoliberal governmentality in Brazil, initially presenting a democratic and inclusive character and subsequently displaying a conservative, authoritarian, and Christian religious tendency. The PNE (2014–2024), as a dispositif of neoliberal governmentality, mobilizes aspects such as the notion of quality in education (grounded in managerial and corporate logic and assessed through quantitative averages), the association of education with the world of work, and the flexibilization of the notion of education for the benefit of the private sphere, as well as issues linked to conservative neoliberal governmentality, such as the erasure of notions of gender and sexuality from the body of the law, the mobilization of movements such as Escola Sem Partido in the drafting of the Plan, and budget cuts to public education.